Code Country Variable www.Worldata.org ® © Source
1 Afghanistan   President Karzai, Hamid PHW; SYB
  Afghanistan   2002 PHW; SYB
1 Afghanistan   na PHW; SYB
1 Afghanistan   na PHW; SYB
  Afghanistan   na PHW; SYB
2 Albania   President Moisiu, Alfred PHW; SYB
  Albania   Since (09-04-1992) Elected (22-03-1992) PHW; SYB
2 Albania   pm Nano, Fatos PHW; SYB
2 Albania   na PHW; SYB
  Albania   2001 PHW; SYB
3 Algeria   pr Bouteflika, Abdelaziz PHW; SYB
  Algeria   na PHW; SYB
3 Algeria   pm Benflis, Ali PHW; SYB
3 Algeria   na PHW; SYB
  Algeria   2002 May 30 (National People's Assembly); Council of Nations (30 December 2000) PHW; SYB
4 Andorra   Co-Prince Marti Alanis, Joan, Bishop PHW; SYB
  Andorra   1971 January 31 PHW; SYB
  Andorra   Co Prince Chirac, Jacques PHW; SYB
  Andorra   1995 May 17 PHW; SYB
4 Andorra   Cap del Govern Forne Molne, Marc PHW; SYB
4 Andorra   na PHW; SYB
  Andorra   2001 March 4 PHW; SYB
5 Angola   pr dos Santos, Jose Eduardo PHW; SYB
  Angola   1979 September 21 PHW; SYB
5 Angola   na PHW; SYB
5 Angola   na PHW; SYB
  Angola   1992 September 29-30 PHW; SYB
6 Antigua and Barbuda   Queen Elisabeth II PHW; SYB
  Antigua and Barbuda   1952 February 6 PHW; SYB
  Antigua and Barbuda   gg Carlisle, James B. PHW; SYB
  Antigua and Barbuda   1993 June 10 PHW; SYB
6 Antigua and Barbuda   pm Bird, Lester PHW; SYB
6 Antigua and Barbuda   1994 March 10 PHW; SYB
  Antigua and Barbuda   1999 March 9 (House of Representatives) PHW; SYB
7 Argentina   pr Duhalde, Eduardo Alberto PHW; SYB
  Argentina   na PHW; SYB
7 Argentina   Chief of Cabinet Atanasof, Alfredo Nestor PHW; SYB
7 Argentina   na PHW; SYB
  Argentina   2001 October 14 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
8 Armenia   pr Kocharian, Robert PHW; SYB
  Armenia   na PHW; SYB
8 Armenia   pm Markaryan, Andranik PHW; SYB
8 Armenia   na PHW; SYB
  Armenia   1999 May 30 PHW; SYB
9 Australia   Queen Elisabeth II PHW; SYB
  Australia   1952 February 6 PHW; SYB
  Australia   gg Hollingworth, Peter, Rt. Rev. Dr. PHW; SYB
  Australia   na PHW; SYB
9 Australia   pm Howard, John PHW; SYB
9 Australia   na PHW; SYB
  Australia   2001 November 10 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
10 Austria   pr Klestil, Thomas PHW; SYB
  Austria   1992 July 8; elected 24-05-1992 PHW; SYB
10 Austria   Chancellor Schuessel, Wolfgang PHW; SYB
10 Austria   na PHW; SYB
  Austria   1999 October 3 (National Council) PHW; SYB
11 Azerbaijan   pr Aliyev, Heydar PHW; SYB
  Azerbaijan   1993 June 18 (putsch) PHW; SYB
11 Azerbaijan   pm Rasizade, Artur PHW; SYB
11 Azerbaijan   na PHW; SYB
  Azerbaijan   2000 November 4 PHW; SYB
12 Bahamas   Queen Elisabeth II PHW; SYB
  Bahamas   1952 February 6 PHW; SYB
  Bahamas   gg Dumont, Ivy PHW; SYB
  Bahamas   na PHW; SYB
12 Bahamas   pm Christie, Perry PHW; SYB
12 Bahamas   na PHW; SYB
  Bahamas   2002 March PHW; SYB
13 Bahrain   King (Emir) Sheik Khalifa, HAMAD, bin Isa Al PHW; SYB
  Bahrain   1961 November 2; Emir 16-12-1961 PHW; SYB
13 Bahrain   pm Sheik Khalifa, KHALIFA, bin Salman Al PHW; SYB
13 Bahrain   1970 January 19 PHW; SYB
  Bahrain   na PHW; SYB
14 Bangladesh   pr Ahmed, Iajuddin PHW; SYB
  Bangladesh   na PHW; SYB
14 Bangladesh   pm Begum Zia, Khaleda PHW; SYB
14 Bangladesh   1991 March 20 PHW; SYB
  Bangladesh   2001 October 1 PHW; SYB
15 Barbados   Queen Elisabeth II PHW; SYB
  Barbados   1952 February 6 PHW; SYB
  Barbados   gg Husbands, Clifford, Sir PHW; SYB
  Barbados   na PHW; SYB
15 Barbados   pm Arthur, Owen PHW; SYB
15 Barbados   1994 September (legislative elections) PHW; SYB
  Barbados   1999 January 20 (House of Assembly) PHW; SYB
16 Belarus   pr Lukashenko, Aleksandr PHW; SYB
  Belarus   1994 July 10  PHW; SYB
16 Belarus   pm Novitskiy, Gennadiy PHW; SYB
16 Belarus   na PHW; SYB
  Belarus   2000 October PHW; SYB
17 Belgium   King Albert II PHW; SYB
  Belgium   1993 August 9 PHW; SYB
17 Belgium   pm Verhofstadt, Guy PHW; SYB
17 Belgium   na PHW; SYB
  Belgium   1999 June 13 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
18 Belize   Queen Elisabeth II PHW; SYB
  Belize   1952 February 6 PHW; SYB
  Belize   gg Young, Colville, Sir PHW; SYB
  Belize   1993 November 17 PHW; SYB
18 Belize   pm Musa, Said Wilbert PHW; SYB
18 Belize   na PHW; SYB
  Belize   1998 August 27 (House of Representatives) PHW; SYB
19 Benin   pr Kerekou, Mathieu PHW; SYB
  Benin   na PHW; SYB
19 Benin   idem PHW; SYB
19 Benin   idem PHW; SYB
  Benin   1999 March 30 PHW; SYB
20 Bhutan   King (Druk Gyalpo) Wangchuck, Jigme Singye PHW; SYB
  Bhutan   1972 July 24 PHW; SYB
20 Bhutan   pm Dorji, Kinzang PHW; SYB
20 Bhutan   na PHW; SYB
  Bhutan   No political parties PHW; SYB
21 Bolivia   pr Sanchez de Lozada Bustamante, Gonzalo PHW; SYB
  Bolivia   1993 August 06; presidential elections 06-06-1993 PHW; SYB
21 Bolivia   The Head of State is also Head of Government PHW; SYB
21 Bolivia   na PHW; SYB
  Bolivia   1997 June 1 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
22 Bosnia and Herzegovina   Presidency Chairman (Serb) Sarovic, Mirko (serb); Presideny Member (Croat) Covic, Dragan; Presidency Member (Bosniak-Muslim) Tihic, Sulejman PHW; SYB
  Bosnia and Herzegovina   Since (20-12-1990) Elected (18-11-1990) PHW; SYB
22 Bosnia and Herzegovina   Chairman of the Council of Ministers Mikerevic, Dragan PHW; SYB
22 Bosnia and Herzegovina   na PHW; SYB
  Bosnia and Herzegovina   2000 November 11 PHW; SYB
23 Botswana   P (Sir Dr. QUETT KETUMILE JONI MASIRE) PHW; SYB
Botswana   Since (13-07-1980) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
23 Botswana   idem PHW; SYB
23 Botswana   idem PHW; SYB
Botswana 1999 October 16 (National Assembly) PHW; SYB
24 Brazil   President (FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARDOSO) PHW; SYB
Brazil   Pe (03-10-1994) (Gm, 1994) PHW; SYB
24 Brazil   idem PHW; SYB
24 Brazil   idem PHW; SYB
Brazil 1998 October 4 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
25 Brunei   Sultan (HAJI HASSANAL BOLKIAH MUIZZADIN) PHW; SYB
Brunei   S (05-10-1967) Crowned (01-08-1968) PHW; SYB
25 Brunei   idem PHW; SYB
25 Brunei   SINCE (INDEPENDENCE: 01-01-1984) PHW; SYB
Brunei No political parties PHW; SYB
26 Bulgaria   President (ZHELYU MITEV ZHELEV) PHW; SYB
Bulgaria   Since (01-08-1990) Pe (19-01-1992) PHW; SYB
26 Bulgaria   PM (VIDENOV, ZHAN) PHW; SYB
26 Bulgaria   SINCE (JANUARY 1995) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Bulgaria 2001 June 17 PHW; SYB
27 Burkina Faso   President (Captain BLAISE COMPAORE) PHW; SYB
Burkina Faso   Putsch (15-10-1987) Pe (01-12-1991) PHW; SYB
27 Burkina Faso   PM (KABORE, MARC CHRISTIAN ROCH) PHW; SYB
27 Burkina Faso   SINCE (20-03-1994) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Burkina Faso 2002 May 5 PHW; SYB
28 Burundi   President (SYLVESTRE NTIBANTUNGANYA) PHW; SYB
Burundi   Since (08-04-1994) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
28 Burundi   PM (NDUWAYO, ANTOINE) PHW; SYB
28 Burundi   SINCE (MARCH 1995) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Burundi 1993 June 29 PHW; SYB
29 Cambodia   King (NORODOM SIHANOUK) PHW; SYB
  Cambodia   Back (24-09-1993) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
29 Cambodia   CO-PM (NORODOM RANARIDDH; HUN SEN) PHW; SYB
29 Cambodia   SINCE (23-10-1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
  Cambodia     PHW; SYB
  Cambodia     PHW; SYB
Cambodia 1998 July 26 (National Assembly); 2 March 1999 (Senate) PHW; SYB
30 Cameroon   President (PAUL BIYA) PHW; SYB
Cameroon   Since (06-11-1982) Pe (11-10-1992) PHW; SYB
30 Cameroon   PM (SIMON ACHIDI ACHU) PHW; SYB
30 Cameroon   SINCE (09-04-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Cameroon 1997 May 17 PHW; SYB
31 Canada HOS Queen Elisabeth II PHW; SYB
31 Canada Since 1952 February 6 PHW; SYB
31 Canada GG Governor General Clarkson, Adrienne PHW; SYB
31 Canada Since 1999 October 7 PHW; SYB
31 Canada HOG Prime Minister Chrétien, Jean PHW; SYB
31 Canada Since 1993 November 4 (appointed) PHW; SYB
31 Canada Elections 2000 November 27 (House of Commons) PHW; SYB
32 Cape Verde   President (ANTONIO MASCARENHAS MONTEIRO) PHW; SYB
Cape Verde   Since (22-03-1991) Elected (17-02-1991) PHW; SYB
32 Cape Verde   PM (CARLOS ALBERTO WAHNON VEIGA) PHW; SYB
32 Cape Verde   SINCE (28-01-1991) LE (14-01-1991) PHW; SYB
Cape Verde 2001 January 14 PHW; SYB
33 Central African Republic   President (ANGE PATASSE) PHW; SYB
Central African Republic   Since (22-10-1993) Pe (19-09-1993) PHW; SYB
33 Central African Republic   PM (KOYAMBOUNOU, GABRIEL EDOUARD) PHW; SYB
33 Central African Republic   na PHW; SYB
Central African Republic 1998 November 2-23 and 13 December 1998 PHW; SYB
34 Chad   President (Colonel IDRISS DEBY) PHW; SYB
Chad   Putsch (02-12-1990) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
34 Chad   PM (KOIBLA, DJIMASTA) PHW; SYB
34 Chad   na PHW; SYB
Chad 2002 April 25 (National Assembly) PHW; SYB
35 Chile   President (FREI RUIZ-TAGLE, EDUARDO) PHW; SYB
Chile   Since (11-03-1994) Pe (11-12-1993) PHW; SYB
35 Chile   idem PHW; SYB
35 Chile   idem PHW; SYB
Chile 2001 December 16 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
36 China   P (JIANG ZEMIN) Leader (D. XIAOPING) PHW; SYB
  China   Since (27-03-1993) D. Xiaoping (1977) PHW; SYB
36 China   PM (LI PENG) PHW; SYB
36 China   S (24-11-1987) RECONFIRMED (27-03-1993) PHW; SYB
China 1997 December and February 1998 PHW; SYB
37 Colombia   President (SAMPER PIZANO, ERNESTO) PHW; SYB
Colombia   Since (07-08-1994) Pe (19-06-1994) PHW; SYB
37 Colombia   idem PHW; SYB
37 Colombia   idem PHW; SYB
Colombia 2002 March 10 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
38 Comoros   President (DJOHAR, SAID MOHAMED) PHW; SYB
Comoros   Since (27-11-1989) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
38 Comoros   PM (YACHROUTOU, MOHAMED CAABI EL) PHW; SYB
38 Comoros   na PHW; SYB
Comoros 1996 December 1 and 8 (Federal Assembly) PHW; SYB
39 Congo (Brazzaville)   President (PASCAL LISSOUBA) PHW; SYB
Congo (Brazzaville)   Since (31-08-1992) Elected (16-08-1992) PHW; SYB
39 Congo (Brazzaville)   PM (General JOACHIM YHOMBI-OPANGO) PHW; SYB
39 Congo (Brazzaville)   SINCE (23-06-1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Congo (Brazzaville) 1998 January (National Transitional Council) PHW; SYB
40 Congo (Kinshasa)   President (Marshal MOBUTU SESE SEKO) PHW; SYB
Congo (Kinshasa)   Putsch (24-11-1965) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
40 Congo (Kinshasa)   PM (KENGO WA DONDO, LEON) (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
40 Congo (Kinshasa)   BACK (14 JUNE 1994) (GM, 1994) PHW; SYB
Congo (Kinshasa) na PHW; SYB
41 Costa Rica   President (FIGUERES OLSEN, JOSE MARIA) PHW; SYB
Costa Rica   Since (08-05-1994) Pe (06-02-1994) PHW; SYB
41 Costa Rica   idem PHW; SYB
41 Costa Rica   idem PHW; SYB
Costa Rica 2002 February 3 PHW; SYB
42 Côte d'Ivoire   President (HENRI KONAN BEDIE) PHW; SYB
Côte d'Ivoire   Since (09-12-1993) (Gm, 1994) PHW; SYB
42 Côte d'Ivoire   PM (KABLAN DANIEL DUNCAN) PHW; SYB
42 Côte d'Ivoire   SINCE (11 DECEMBER 1993) (GM, 1994) PHW; SYB
Côte d'Ivoire 2000 December 10 PHW; SYB
43 Croatia   President (Dr. FRANJO TUDJMAN) PHW; SYB
Croatia   Since (30-05-1990) Elected (02-08-1992) PHW; SYB
43 Croatia   PM (NIKICA VALENTIC) PHW; SYB
43 Croatia   SINCE (03-04-1993) PHW; SYB
Croatia 2000 January 2-3 PHW; SYB
44 Cuba   P of the Council of State (FIDEL CASTRO) PHW; SYB
Cuba   Putsch (01-01-1959) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
44 Cuba   idem PHW; SYB
44 Cuba   idem PHW; SYB
Cuba 1998 January 11 PHW; SYB
45 Cyprus   President (GLAFCOS CLERIDES) PHW; SYB
Cyprus   Since (01-03-1993) Pe (14-02-1993) PHW; SYB
45 Cyprus   idem PHW; SYB
45 Cyprus   idem PHW; SYB
Cyprus 2001 May 7 (Greek Cypriot area); 1998 December 6 (Turkish Cypriot area) PHW; SYB
46 Czech Republic   President (VACLAV HAVEL) PHW; SYB
Czech Republic   Since (02-02-1993) Elected (26-01-1993) PHW; SYB
46 Czech Republic   PM (VACLAV KLAUS) PHW; SYB
46 Czech Republic   SINCE (01-01-1993) (02-07-1992) PHW; SYB
Czech Republic 2000 November 12 and 19 (Senate); Chamber of Deputies (19-20 June 1998) PHW; SYB
47 Denmark   Queen (MARGRETHE II) PHW; SYB
Denmark   Since (15-01-1972) PHW; SYB
47 Denmark   PM (POUL NYRUP RASMUSSEN) PHW; SYB
47 Denmark   SINCE (25-01-1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Denmark 2001 November 20 PHW; SYB
48 Djibouti   President (HASSAN GOULED APTIDON) PHW; SYB
Djibouti   Since (27-06-1977) Pe (07-05-1993) PHW; SYB
48 Djibouti   PM (BARKAT GOURAD HAMADOU) PHW; SYB
48 Djibouti   S (30-09-1978) REAPPOINTED (04-02-1993) PHW; SYB
Djibouti 1997 December 19 PHW; SYB
49 Dominica   President (CRISPIN ANSELM SORHAINDO) PHW; SYB
Dominica   Since (25-10-1993) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
49 Dominica   PM (JAMES, EDISON) PHW; SYB
49 Dominica   na PHW; SYB
Dominica 2000 January 31 PHW; SYB
50 Dominican Republic   President (Dr. JOAQUIN BALAGUER RICARDO) PHW; SYB
Dominican Republic   Since (16-08-1986) Pe (16-05-1994) PHW; SYB
50 Dominican Republic   idem PHW; SYB
50 Dominican Republic   idem PHW; SYB
Dominican Republic 1998 May 16 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
51 East Timor     PHW; SYB
East Timor     PHW; SYB
51 East Timor     PHW; SYB
51 East Timor     PHW; SYB
East Timor 2001 August 30 PHW; SYB
52 Ecuador   President (SIXTO DURAN-BALLEN CORDOVEZ) PHW; SYB
Ecuador   Since (10-08-1992) Pe (05-07-1992) PHW; SYB
52 Ecuador   idem PHW; SYB
52 Ecuador   idem PHW; SYB
Ecuador 1998 May 31 PHW; SYB
53 Egypt   President (MOHAMMED HOSNI MUBARAK) PHW; SYB
Egypt   Since (06-10-1981) Pe (05-10-1993) PHW; SYB
53 Egypt   PM (Dr. ATEF MOHAMED NAGUIB SEDKY) PHW; SYB
53 Egypt   SINCE (12-11-1986) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Egypt 2000 October 19 and 9, November 8 (People's Assembly); Advisory Council (7 June 1995) PHW; SYB
54 El Salvador   President (ARMANDO CALDERON SOL) PHW; SYB
El Salvador   Since (01-06-1994) Pe (24-04-1994) PHW; SYB
54 El Salvador   idem PHW; SYB
54 El Salvador   idem PHW; SYB
El Salvador 2000 March 12 PHW; SYB
55 Equatorial Guinea   P (General TEODORO OBIANG NGUEMA) PHW; SYB
Equatorial Guinea   Putsch (03-08-1979) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
55 Equatorial Guinea   PM (SILVESTRE SIALE BILEKA) PHW; SYB
55 Equatorial Guinea   SINCE (23-01-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Equatorial Guinea 1999 March 7 PHW; SYB
56 Eritrea   President (ISAIAS AFWORKI) PHW; SYB
Eritrea   Since (22-05-1993) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
56 Eritrea   idem PHW; SYB
56 Eritrea   idem PHW; SYB
Eritrea na PHW; SYB
57 Estonia   President (LENNART MERI) PHW; SYB
Estonia   Since (05-10-1992) PHW; SYB
57 Estonia   PM (VAHI, TIIT) (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
57 Estonia   na PHW; SYB
Estonia 1999 March 7 PHW; SYB
58 Ethiopia   President (NEGASSO, GIDADA) PHW; SYB
Ethiopia   Na PHW; SYB
58 Ethiopia   PM (MELES ZENAWI) PHW; SYB
58 Ethiopia   na PHW; SYB
Ethiopia 2000 May 14 PHW; SYB
59 Fiji Islands   President (Ratu Sir MARA, KAMISESE) PHW; SYB
Fiji Islands   Since (04-09-1992) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
59 Fiji Islands   PM (General SITIVENI RABUKA) PHW; SYB
59 Fiji Islands   SINCE (02-06-1992) LE (MAY 1992) PHW; SYB
Fiji Islands 2001 August 25, September 2 and 19 (House of Representatives) PHW; SYB
60 Finland   President (MARTI AHTISAARI) PHW; SYB
Finland   Since (01-03-1994) Pe (06-02-1994) PHW; SYB
60 Finland   PM (PAAVO LIPPONEN) PHW; SYB
60 Finland   na PHW; SYB
Finland 1999 March 21 PHW; SYB
61 France   President (JACQUES CHIRAC) PHW; SYB
France   Since (17-05-1995) Pe (07-05-1995) PHW; SYB
61 France   PM (ALAIN JUPP╔) PHW; SYB
61 France   SINCE (17-05-1995) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
France 2001 September 23 (Senate); National Assembly (25 May to 1 June 1997) PHW; SYB
62 Gabon   President (EL HADJ OMAR BONGO) PHW; SYB
Gabon   Since (02-12-1967) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
62 Gabon   PM (OBAME, PAULIN) PHW; SYB
62 Gabon   na PHW; SYB
Gabon 2001 December 9 and 23 (National Assembly); Senate (26 January and 9 February 1997) PHW; SYB
63 Gambia   Chairman of AFPRC (Capt. JAMMEH, YAHYA) PHW; SYB
Gambia   Putsch (23-07-1994) (Gm, 1994) PHW; SYB
63 Gambia   idem PHW; SYB
63 Gambia   idem PHW; SYB
Gambia 2002 January 17 PHW; SYB
64 Georgia   President (EDUARD SCHEVARDNADZE) PHW; SYB
Georgia   S (10-03-1992) Pe (05-11-1995) (Gm) PHW; SYB
64 Georgia   PM (OTAR PATSATSIA) PHW; SYB
64 Georgia   SINCE (20-08-1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Georgia 1999 October 31 and November 14 PHW; SYB
65 Germany   President (ROMAN HERZOG) PHW; SYB
Germany   Since (01-07-1994) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
65 Germany   Chancellor (Dr. HELMUT KOHL) PHW; SYB
65 Germany   SINCE (01-10-1982) LE (16-10-1994) PHW; SYB
Germany 1998 September 27 (Federal Assembly) PHW; SYB
66 Ghana   President (Captain JERRY J. RAWLINGS) PHW; SYB
Ghana   Putsch (31-12-1981) Pe (03-11-1992) PHW; SYB
66 Ghana   idem PHW; SYB
66 Ghana   idem PHW; SYB
Ghana 2000 December 7 PHW; SYB
67 Greece   President (STEPHANOPOULOS, KONSTANDINOS) PHW; SYB
Greece   Pe (08-03-1995) (Sty, 1995) PHW; SYB
67 Greece   PM (ANDREAS PAPANDREOU) PHW; SYB
67 Greece   BACK (13-10-1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Greece 2000 April 9 PHW; SYB
68 Grenada   Queen (ELISABETH II) GG (R. PALMER) PHW; SYB
  Grenada   Queen (06-02-1952) Gg (06-08-1992) PHW; SYB
  Grenada     PHW; SYB
  Grenada     PHW; SYB
68 Grenada   PM (MITCHELL, KEITH) PHW; SYB
68 Grenada   na PHW; SYB
Grenada 1999 January 18 (House of Representatives) PHW; SYB
69 Guatemala   President (RAMIRO DE LEON CARPIO) PHW; SYB
Guatemala   Since (06-06-1993) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
69 Guatemala   idem PHW; SYB
69 Guatemala   idem PHW; SYB
Guatemala 1999 November 7 PHW; SYB
70 Guinea   President (General LANSANA CONTE) PHW; SYB
Guinea   Putsch (03-04-1984) Pe (19-12-1993) PHW; SYB
70 Guinea   idem PHW; SYB
70 Guinea   idem PHW; SYB
Guinea 1995 June 11 (next election postponed indefinitely) PHW; SYB
71 Guinea-Bissau   President (General JOAO BERNARDO VIEIRA) PHW; SYB
Guinea-Bissau   Putsch (14-11-1980) Pe (07-08-1994) PHW; SYB
71 Guinea-Bissau   PM (SATURNINO DA COSTA, MANUEL) PHW; SYB
71 Guinea-Bissau   SINCE (25-10-1994) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Guinea-Bissau 1999 November 28 PHW; SYB
72 Guyana   President (Dr. CHEDDI JAGAN) PHW; SYB
Guyana   Since (09-10-1992) Elected (05-10-1992) PHW; SYB
72 Guyana   PM (SAM HINDS) PHW; SYB
72 Guyana   SINCE (09-10-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Guyana 2001 March 19 PHW; SYB
73 Haiti   President (JEAN-BERTRAND ARISTIDE) PHW; SYB
Haiti   Since (07-02-1991) Back (1994) PHW; SYB
73 Haiti   PM (CLAUDETTE WERLEIGH) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
73 Haiti   SINCE (23-10-1995) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
Haiti 2000 May 21 to November 26 (Chamber of Deputies); Senate (21 May 2000 to 26 November 2000) PHW; SYB
74 Honduras   P (REINA IDIAQUEZ, CARLOS ROBERTO) PHW; SYB
Honduras   Since (27-01-1994) Pe (28-11-1993) (Gm) PHW; SYB
74 Honduras   idem PHW; SYB
74 Honduras   idem PHW; SYB
Honduras 2001 November 25 PHW; SYB
75 Hungary   President (ARPAD GONCZ) PHW; SYB
Hungary   S (02-05-1990) Confirmed (03-08-1990) PHW; SYB
75 Hungary   PM (HORN, GYULA) PHW; SYB
75 Hungary   SINCE (14-06-1994) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Hungary 2002 April 7 and 21 PHW; SYB
76 Iceland   President (VIGDIS FINNBOGADOTTIR) PHW; SYB
Iceland   Since (01-08-1980) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
76 Iceland   PM (DAVID ODDSSON) PHW; SYB
76 Iceland   SINCE (30-04-1991) LE (20-04-1991) PHW; SYB
Iceland 1999 May 8 PHW; SYB
77 India   President (Dr. SHANKAR DAYAL SHARMA) PHW; SYB
India   Since (26-07-1992) Elected (13-07-1992) PHW; SYB
77 India   PM (PAMULAPARTI VENKATA NARASIMHA RAO) PHW; SYB
77 India   SINCE (21-06-1991) LE (JUNE 1991) PHW; SYB
India 1999 September 5 to October 3 (People's Assembly) PHW; SYB
78 Indonesia   President (General RADEN SOEHARTO) PHW; SYB
Indonesia   Putsch (12-03-1966) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
78 Indonesia   idem PHW; SYB
78 Indonesia   idem PHW; SYB
Indonesia 1999 June 7 PHW; SYB
79 Iran   Leader (Faghi ALI HOSEINI KHAMENEI) PHW; SYB
Iran   Since (04-06-1989) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
79 Iran   President (ALI AKBAR HASHEMI-RAFSANJANI) PHW; SYB
79 Iran   SINCE (17-08-1989) PE (11-06-1993) PHW; SYB
Iran 2000 February 18 and April 2000 PHW; SYB
80 Iraq   President (SADDAM HUSAYN AL TAKRITI) PHW; SYB
Iraq   Since (16-07-1979) (Wf, 1994) PHW; SYB
80 Iraq   idem PHW; SYB
80 Iraq   SINCE (29-05-1994) (GM, 1994) PHW; SYB
Iraq 2000 March 27 PHW; SYB
81 Ireland   President (MARY ROBINSON) PHW; SYB
Ireland   Since (03-12-1990) Pe (09-11-1990) PHW; SYB
81 Ireland   PM (Taoiseach: JOHN BRUTON) PHW; SYB
81 Ireland   SINCE (15-12-1994) (GM, 1994) PHW; SYB
Ireland 2002 May 17 (House of Representatives); Senate (August 1997) PHW; SYB
82 Israel   President (EZER WEIZMAN) PHW; SYB
Israel   Since (13-05-1993) Elected (24-03-1993) PHW; SYB
82 Israel   PM (PERES, SHIMON) PHW; SYB
82 Israel   SINCE (NOVEMBER 1995) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
Israel 1999 May 17 PHW; SYB
83 Italy   President (OSCAR LUIGI SCALFARO) PHW; SYB
Italy   Since (28-05-1992) Elected (25-05-1992) PHW; SYB
83 Italy   PM (LAMBERTO DINI) PHW; SYB
83 Italy   SINCE (JANUARY 1995) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
Italy 2001 May 13 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
84 Jamaica   Queen (ELISABETH II) GG (HOWARD COOKE) PHW; SYB
  Jamaica   Queen (06-02-1952) Gg (14-08-1991) PHW; SYB
  Jamaica     PHW; SYB
  Jamaica     PHW; SYB
84 Jamaica   PM (PERCIVAL JAMES PATTERSON) PHW; SYB
84 Jamaica   SINCE (28-03-1992) LE (30-03-1993) PHW; SYB
Jamaica 1997 December 18 PHW; SYB
85 Japan   Emperor (Nihon Koku Tenno: T. AKIHITO) PHW; SYB
Japan   S (07-01-1989) Crowned (12-11-1990) PHW; SYB
85 Japan   PM (MURAYAMA, TOMIICHI) PHW; SYB
85 Japan   SINCE (29-06-1994) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Japan 2001 July 29 (House of Councillors) ; House of Representatives (25 June 2000) PHW; SYB
86 Jordan   King (HUSSEIN I BIN TALAL) PHW; SYB
Jordan   S (11-08-1952) Crowned (02-05-1953) PHW; SYB
86 Jordan   PM (BIN SHAKIR, ZAYD) PHW; SYB
86 Jordan   SINCE (JANUARY 1995) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Jordan 1997 November 4 (House of Representatives) PHW; SYB
87 Kazakhstan   President (NURSULTAN NAZARBAYEV) PHW; SYB
Kazakhstan   Since (10-12-1991) PHW; SYB
87 Kazakhstan   PM (KAZHEGELDIN, AKEZHAN) PHW; SYB
87 Kazakhstan   SINCE (OCTOBER 1994) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Kazakhstan 1999 October 10 and 24, December 26 (Majlis); Senate (17 September 1999) PHW; SYB
88 Kenya   President (DANIEL TEROITICH ARAP MOI) PHW; SYB
Kenya   Since (22-08-1978) Pe (29-12-1992) PHW; SYB
88 Kenya   idem PHW; SYB
88 Kenya   idem PHW; SYB
Kenya 1997 December 29 PHW; SYB
89 Kiribati   President (Beretitenti: TITO, TEBURORO) PHW; SYB
Kiribati   Na PHW; SYB
89 Kiribati   idem PHW; SYB
89 Kiribati   idem PHW; SYB
Kiribati 1998 September 23 PHW; SYB
90 Korea, North   President (KIM JON-IL) PHW; SYB
Korea, North   Since (1994) (Gm, 1995) PHW; SYB
90 Korea, North   PM (KANG SONG-SAN) PHW; SYB
90 Korea, North   BACK (11-12-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Korea, North 1998 July 26 PHW; SYB
91 Korea, South   President (KIM YONG-SAM) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
Korea, South   Since (25-02-1993) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
91 Korea, South   PM (LEE SOO-SUNG) PHW; SYB
91 Korea, South   SINCE (15 DEC 1995) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
Korea, South 2000 April 13 PHW; SYB
92 Kuwait   Emir (Sheik JABIR AL-AHMAD AL-SABAH) PHW; SYB
Kuwait   Since (31-12-1977) (Phw) PHW; SYB
92 Kuwait   PM (Sheik SAAD AL-ABDALLAH AL-SABAH) PHW; SYB
92 Kuwait   SINCE (08-02-1978) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Kuwait 1999 July 3 PHW; SYB
93 Kyrgyzstan   President (AKSAR AKAYEV) PHW; SYB
Kyrgyzstan   Since (28-10-1990) Pe (30-01-1994) PHW; SYB
93 Kyrgyzstan   PM (DJUMAGULOV, APAS) PHW; SYB
93 Kyrgyzstan   SINCE (17 DECEMBER 1993) (GM, 1994) PHW; SYB
Kyrgyzstan 2000 February 20 and March 12 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
94 Laos   President (NOUHAK PHOUMSAVAN) PHW; SYB
Laos   S (25-11-1992) Reconfirmed (22-02-1993) PHW; SYB
94 Laos   PM (General KHAMTAI SIPHANDON) PHW; SYB
94 Laos   S (15-08-1991) RECONFIRMED (22-02-1993) PHW; SYB
Laos 2002 February 24 PHW; SYB
95 Latvia   President (GUNTIS ULMANIS) PHW; SYB
Latvia   Elected By Parliament (07-07-1993) PHW; SYB
95 Latvia   PM (GAILIS, MARIS) PHW; SYB
95 Latvia   SINCE (15-09-1994) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Latvia 1998 October 3 PHW; SYB
96 Lebanon   President (ILYAS HARAWI) PHW; SYB
Lebanon   Elected By Parliament (24-11-1989) PHW; SYB
96 Lebanon   PM (RAFIQ AL-HARIRI) PHW; SYB
96 Lebanon   SINCE (31-10-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Lebanon 2000 August 27 and September 3 PHW; SYB
97 Lesotho   King (MOSHOESHOE II) (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
Lesotho   Back (January 1995) (Sty, 1995) PHW; SYB
97 Lesotho   PM (NTSU MOKHEHLE) PHW; SYB
97 Lesotho   SINCE (02-04-1993) LE (27-03-1993) PHW; SYB
Lesotho 2002 May PHW; SYB
98 Liberia   Chairman of the NSC (WILTON SANKAWULO) PHW; SYB
Liberia   Since (19-08-1995) (Gm, 1995) PHW; SYB
98 Liberia   idem PHW; SYB
98 Liberia   idem PHW; SYB
Liberia 1997 July 19 (legislative elections to both Chambers) PHW; SYB
99 Libya   Leader (Colonel MUAMMAR AL-QADHAFI) PHW; SYB
Libya   Putsch (01-09-1969) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
99 Libya   De facto PM (ABD AL MAJID AL-QA'UD) PHW; SYB
99 Libya   SINCE (29-01-1994) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Libya na PHW; SYB
100 Liechtenstein   Prince (HANS ADAM II) PHW; SYB
Liechtenstein   S (26-08-1984) Crowned (13-11-1989) PHW; SYB
100 Liechtenstein   PM (MARIO FRICK) PHW; SYB
100 Liechtenstein   SINCE (15-12-1993) LE (24-10-1993) PHW; SYB
Liechtenstein 2001 February 11 PHW; SYB
101 Lithuania   President (ALGIRDAS MYKOLAS BRAZAUSKAS) PHW; SYB
Lithuania   Since (25-11-1992) Pe (15-02-1993) PHW; SYB
101 Lithuania   PM (ADOLFAS SLEZEVICIUS) PHW; SYB
101 Lithuania   SINCE (10-03-1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Lithuania 2000 October 8 PHW; SYB
102 Luxembourg   Grand Duke (JEAN) PHW; SYB
Luxembourg   Since (12-11-1964) PHW; SYB
102 Luxembourg   PM (JUNCKER, JEAN-CLAUDE) PHW; SYB
102 Luxembourg   SINCE (20 JANUARY 1995) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Luxembourg 1999 June 13 PHW; SYB
103 Macedonia   President (KIRO GLIGOROV) PHW; SYB
Macedonia   Since (09-12-1990) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
103 Macedonia   PM (BRANKO CRVENKOVSKI) PHW; SYB
103 Macedonia   SINCE (04-09-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Macedonia 1998 October 18 and November 1 PHW; SYB
104 Madagascar   President (Dr. ALBERT ZAFY) PHW; SYB
Madagascar   Since (26-02-1993) Pe (10-02-1993) PHW; SYB
104 Madagascar   PM (FRANCISQUE RAVONY) PHW; SYB
104 Madagascar   SINCE (09-08-1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Madagascar 1998 May 17 (National Assembly) PHW; SYB
105 Malawi   President (BAKILI, MULUZI) PHW; SYB
Malawi   Since (21-05-1994) Pe (17-05-1994) (Gm) PHW; SYB
105 Malawi   idem PHW; SYB
105 Malawi   idem PHW; SYB
Malawi 1999 June 15 PHW; SYB
106 Malaysia   Yang Di Pertuan (Sultan TUANKU JA'AFAR) PHW; SYB
Malaysia   Since (26-04-1994) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
106 Malaysia   PM (Datuk Seri Dr. MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD) PHW; SYB
106 Malaysia   S (16-07-1981) REAPPOINTED (26-10-1990) PHW; SYB
Malaysia 1999 November 29 (Dewan Rakyat) PHW; SYB
107 Maldives   P (MAUMOON ABDUL GAYOOM) (DIDI Dynasty) PHW; SYB
  Maldives   Since (11-11-1978) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
107 Maldives   idem PHW; SYB
107 Maldives   idem PHW; SYB
Maldives 1999 November 20 PHW; SYB
108 Mali   President (ALPHA OUMAR KONARE) PHW; SYB
Mali   Since (06-06-1992) Pe (26-04-1992) PHW; SYB
108 Mali   PM (KEITA, IBRAHIMA BOUBACAR) PHW; SYB
108 Mali   SINCE (04-02-1994) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Mali 1997 July 20 and August 3 PHW; SYB
109 Malta   President (MIFSUD BONNICI, UGO) PHW; SYB
Malta   Since (04-04-1994) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
109 Malta   PM (Dr. EDDIE FENECH ADAMI) PHW; SYB
109 Malta   SINCE (12-05-1987) LE (22-02-1992) PHW; SYB
Malta 1998 September 5 PHW; SYB
110 Marshall Islands   President (AMATA KABUA) PHW; SYB
Marshall Islands   Since (01-05-1979) Le (18-11-1991) PHW; SYB
110 Marshall Islands   idem PHW; SYB
110 Marshall Islands   idem PHW; SYB
Marshall Islands 1999 November 15 PHW; SYB
111 Mauritania   P (Colonel MAAOUYA OULD SID AHMED TAYA) PHW; SYB
Mauritania   Putsch (12-12-1984) Pe (24-01-1992) PHW; SYB
111 Mauritania   PM (SIDI MOHAMED OULD BOUBAKER) PHW; SYB
111 Mauritania   SINCE (20-04-1992) LE (MARCH 1992) PHW; SYB
Mauritania 2001 October 19 and 26 (National Assembly); Senate (17 April 1998) PHW; SYB
112 Mauritius   President (CASSAM UTEEM) PHW; SYB
Mauritius   Since (30-06-1992) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
112 Mauritius   PM (Sir ANEROOD JUGNAUTH) PHW; SYB
112 Mauritius   SINCE (15-06-1982) LE (15-09-1991) PHW; SYB
Mauritius 2000 September 11 PHW; SYB
113 Mexico   P (ZEDILLO PONCE DE LEON, ERNESTO) PHW; SYB
Mexico   Pe (21-08-1994) (Gm, 1994) PHW; SYB
113 Mexico   idem PHW; SYB
113 Mexico   idem PHW; SYB
Mexico 2000 July 2 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
114 Micronesia, Federated States of   President (BAILEY OLTER) PHW; SYB
Micronesia, Federated States of   Since (15-05-1991) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
114 Micronesia, Federated States of   idem PHW; SYB
114 Micronesia, Federated States of   idem PHW; SYB
Micronesia, Federated States of 2001 March 6 (elections for two-year term seats); elections for four-year term seats (2 March 1999) PHW; SYB
115 Moldova   President (MIRCEA IVANOVITCH SNEGUR) PHW; SYB
Moldova   Since (03-09-1991) Pe (08-12-1991) PHW; SYB
115 Moldova   PM (ANDREI SANGHELI) PHW; SYB
115 Moldova   SINCE (01-07-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Moldova 2001 February 25 PHW; SYB
116 Monaco   Prince (RAINIER III) PHW; SYB
Monaco   S (09-05-1949) Crowned (18-11-1949) PHW; SYB
116 Monaco   Minister of State (JACQUES DUPONT) PHW; SYB
116 Monaco   SINCE (APRIL 1991) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Monaco 1998 February 1 and 8 PHW; SYB
117 Mongolia   President (PUNSALMAAGIYN OCHIRBAT) PHW; SYB
Mongolia   Since (21-03-1990) Pe (06-06-1993) PHW; SYB
117 Mongolia   PM (PUNTSAGIYN JASRAY) PHW; SYB
117 Mongolia   SINCE (21-07-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Mongolia 2000 July 2 PHW; SYB
118 Morocco   King (HASSAN II) PHW; SYB
Morocco   Since (03-03-1961) PHW; SYB
118 Morocco   PM (FILALI, ABDELLATIF) PHW; SYB
118 Morocco   SINCE (25-05-1994) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Morocco 2000 September 15 (Chamber of Counselors); Chamber of Representatives (14 November 1997) PHW; SYB
119 Mozambique   President (JOAQUIM ALBERTO CHISSANO) PHW; SYB
Mozambique   Since (06-11-1986) Pe (October 1994) PHW; SYB
119 Mozambique   na (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
119 Mozambique   na PHW; SYB
Mozambique 1999 December 3-5 PHW; SYB
120 Myanmar   Chairman of SLORC (General THAN SHWE) PHW; SYB
Myanmar   Since (23-04-1992) Putsch (18-09-1988) PHW; SYB
120 Myanmar   idem PHW; SYB
120 Myanmar   idem PHW; SYB
Myanmar 1990 May 27 PHW; SYB
121 Namibia   President (SAM SHAFILSHUNA NUJOMA) PHW; SYB
Namibia   Since (21-03-1990) Pe (07-12-1994) PHW; SYB
121 Namibia   PM (HAGE GOTTFRIED GEINGOB) PHW; SYB
121 Namibia   SINCE (21-03-1990) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Namibia 1999 November 30 and 1 December 1999 (National Assembly); National Council (30 November and 1 December 1998 PHW; SYB
122 Nauru   President (BERNARD DOWIYOGO) PHW; SYB
Nauru   Back (12-12-1989) Le (14-11-1992) PHW; SYB
122 Nauru   idem PHW; SYB
122 Nauru   idem PHW; SYB
Nauru 2000 April 9 PHW; SYB
123 Nepal   King (BIRENDRA BIR BIKRAM SHAH DEV) PHW; SYB
Nepal   S (31-01-1972) Crowned (24-02-1975) PHW; SYB
123 Nepal   PM (ADHIKARI, MAN MOHAN) PHW; SYB
123 Nepal   SINCE (30 NOVEMBER 1994) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Nepal 1999 May 3 and 17 (Pratinidhi) PHW; SYB
124 Netherlands   Queen (BEATRIX, ARMGARD WILHELMINA) PHW; SYB
Netherlands   Since (30-04-1980) PHW; SYB
124 Netherlands   PM (WIM KOK) PHW; SYB
124 Netherlands   SINCE (22-08-1994) LE (03-05-1994) (GM) PHW; SYB
Netherlands 1999 May 25 (First Chamber); 2002 May 15 (Second Chamber) PHW; SYB
125 New Zealand   Queen (ELISABETH II) GG (Dame C. TIZARD) PHW; SYB
  New Zealand   Queen (06-02-1952) Gg (20-11-1990) PHW; SYB
  New Zealand     PHW; SYB
  New Zealand     PHW; SYB
125 New Zealand   PM (JAMES BOLGER) PHW; SYB
125 New Zealand   SINCE (28-10-1990) LE (27-10-1990) PHW; SYB
New Zealand 1999 November 27 PHW; SYB
126 Nicaragua   President (VIOLETA BARRIOS DE CHAMORRO) PHW; SYB
Nicaragua   Since (25-04-1990) Pe (25-02-1990) PHW; SYB
126 Nicaragua   idem PHW; SYB
126 Nicaragua   idem PHW; SYB
Nicaragua 2001 November 4 PHW; SYB
127 Niger   President (MAHAMANE OUSMANE) PHW; SYB
Niger   Since (16-04-1993) Pe (27-03-1993) PHW; SYB
127 Niger   PM (AMADOU, HAMA) PHW; SYB
127 Niger   SINCE (21-02-1995) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Niger 1999 November 24 PHW; SYB
128 Nigeria   Chairman of the FEC (Gen. SANI ABACHA) PHW; SYB
Nigeria   Putsch (17-11-1993) (Gm, 1993) PHW; SYB
128 Nigeria   idem PHW; SYB
128 Nigeria   idem PHW; SYB
Nigeria 1999 February 20-24 PHW; SYB
129 Norway   King (HARALD V) PHW; SYB
Norway   Since (17-01-1991) PHW; SYB
129 Norway   PM (GRO HARLEM BRUNDTLAND) (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
129 Norway   BACK (03-11-1990) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Norway 2001 September 10 PHW; SYB
130 Oman   Sultan (QABOOS BIN SAID AL SAID) PHW; SYB
Oman   Putsch (23-07-1970) PHW; SYB
130 Oman   idem PHW; SYB
130 Oman   SINCE (JANUARY 1972) PHW; SYB
Oman No political parties PHW; SYB
131 Pakistan   President (FAROOQ AHMED LEGHARI) PHW; SYB
Pakistan   Since (14-11-1993) (Gm, 1993) PHW; SYB
131 Pakistan   PM (BENAZIR BHUTTO) PHW; SYB
131 Pakistan   BACK (19-10-1993) (GM, 1993) PHW; SYB
Pakistan 1997 February 3 (National Assembly); 1997 March 12 (Senate); PHW; SYB
132 Palau   President (NAKAMURA, KUNIWO) PHW; SYB
Palau   Since (01-01-1993) (Wf, 1994) PHW; SYB
132 Palau   idem PHW; SYB
132 Palau   idem PHW; SYB
Palau 2000 November 7 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
133 Panama   President (ERNESTO PEREZ BALLADARES) PHW; SYB
Panama   Since (01-09-1994) Pe (09-05-1994) PHW; SYB
133 Panama   idem PHW; SYB
133 Panama   idem PHW; SYB
Panama 1999 May 2 PHW; SYB
134 Papua New Guinea   Queen (ELISABETH II) GG (WIWA KOROWI) PHW; SYB
  Papua New Guinea   Queen (06-02-1952) Gg (18-11-1991) PHW; SYB
  Papua New Guinea     PHW; SYB
  Papua New Guinea     PHW; SYB
134 Papua New Guinea   PM (Sir JULIUS CHAN) PHW; SYB
134 Papua New Guinea   BACK (31-08-1994) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Papua New Guinea 1997 June 14-28 PHW; SYB
135 Paraguay   President (JUAN CARLOS WASMOSY) PHW; SYB
Paraguay   Since (15-08-1993) Pe (09-05-1993) PHW; SYB
135 Paraguay   idem PHW; SYB
135 Paraguay   idem PHW; SYB
Paraguay 1998 May 10 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
136 Peru   P (ALBERTO KENYO FUJIMORI FUJIMORI) PHW; SYB
Peru   Since (28-07-1990) Pe (April 1995) PHW; SYB
136 Peru   PM (CORDOVA BLANCO, DANTE) PHW; SYB
136 Peru   na PHW; SYB
Peru 2001 April 8 PHW; SYB
137 Philippines   President (FIDEL RAMOS) PHW; SYB
Philippines   Since (30-06-1992) Pe (11-05-1992) PHW; SYB
137 Philippines   idem PHW; SYB
137 Philippines   idem PHW; SYB
Philippines 2001 May 14 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
138 Poland   President (LECH WALESA) PHW; SYB
Poland   Since (22-12-1990) Le (09-12-1990) PHW; SYB
138 Poland   PM (JOZEF OLEKSY) (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
138 Poland   SINCE (01-03-1995) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
Poland 2001 September 23 PHW; SYB
139 Portugal   P (Dr. MARIO ALBERTO NOBRE LOPES SOARES) PHW; SYB
Portugal   Since (09-03-1986) Pe (13-01-1991) PHW; SYB
139 Portugal   PM (ANTONIO GUTERRES) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
139 Portugal   SINCE (01-11-1995) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
Portugal 2002 March 17 PHW; SYB
140 Qatar   Emir (Sheik HAMAD BIN KHALIFA AL-THANI) PHW; SYB
Qatar   Putsch (28-06-1995) (Gm, 1995) PHW; SYB
140 Qatar   idem PHW; SYB
140 Qatar   idem PHW; SYB
Qatar No political parties PHW; SYB
141 Romania   President (ION ILIESCU) PHW; SYB
Romania   Since (26-12-1989) Pe (11-10-1992) PHW; SYB
141 Romania   PM (NICOLAE VACAROIU) PHW; SYB
141 Romania   SINCE (04-11-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Romania 2000 November 26 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
142 Russia   President (BORIS NIKOLAYEVICH YELTSIN) PHW; SYB
Russia   Since (10-07-1991) Pe (12-06-1991) PHW; SYB
142 Russia   PM (VIKTOR STEPANOVICH CHERNOMYRDIN) PHW; SYB
142 Russia   SINCE (14-12-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Russia 1999 December 19 (State Duma) PHW; SYB
143 Rwanda   President (PASTEUR BIZIMUNGU) PHW; SYB
Rwanda   Since (19-07-1994) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
143 Rwanda   PM (RWIGEMA, PIERRE CELESTIN) PHW; SYB
143 Rwanda   na PHW; SYB
Rwanda na PHW; SYB
144 Saint Kitts and Nevis   Queen (ELISABETH II) GG (C. ARRINDELL) PHW; SYB
  Saint Kitts and Nevis   Queen (06-02-1952) Gg (November 1981) PHW; SYB
  Saint Kitts and Nevis     PHW; SYB
  Saint Kitts and Nevis     PHW; SYB
144 Saint Kitts and Nevis   PM (DOUGLAS, DENZIL) PHW; SYB
144 Saint Kitts and Nevis   na PHW; SYB
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2000 March 6 PHW; SYB
145 Saint Lucia   Queen (ELISABETH II) GG (Sir S. JAMES) PHW; SYB
  Saint Lucia   Queen (06-02-1952) Gg (10-10-1988) PHW; SYB
  Saint Lucia     PHW; SYB
  Saint Lucia     PHW; SYB
145 Saint Lucia   PM (JOHN GEORGE MELVIN COMPTON) PHW; SYB
145 Saint Lucia   SINCE (03-05-1982) LE (27-04-1992) PHW; SYB
Saint Lucia 2001 December 3 (House of Assembly) PHW; SYB
146 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   Queen (ELISABETH II) GG (Sir DAVID JACK) PHW; SYB
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   Queen (06-02-1952) Gg (20-09-1989) PHW; SYB
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines     PHW; SYB
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines     PHW; SYB
146 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   PM (JAMES FITZ ALLEN MITCHELL) PHW; SYB
146 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   SINCE (30-07-1984) (WF, 1994) PHW; SYB
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2001 March 28 PHW; SYB
147 Samoa   King (For life: MALIETOA TANUMAFILI II) PHW; SYB
Samoa   Co-King (01-01-1962) King (05-04-1963) PHW; SYB
147 Samoa   PM (TOFILAU ETI ALESANA) PHW; SYB
147 Samoa   SINCE (07-04-1988) LE (05-04-1991) PHW; SYB
Samoa 2001 November (byelection) PHW; SYB
148 San Marino   2 Co-Regents (P. MULARONI; M. VENTURINI) PHW; SYB
  San Marino   Na PHW; SYB
  San Marino     PHW; SYB
  San Marino     PHW; SYB
148 San Marino   Congress of State (collegial) PHW; SYB
148 San Marino   na PHW; SYB
  San Marino     PHW; SYB
  San Marino     PHW; SYB
San Marino 2001 June 10 PHW; SYB
149 Sao Tome and Principe   P (Lieutenant ORLANDO DAS NEVES) (GM) PHW; SYB
Sao Tome and Principe   Putsch (15-08-1995) (Gm, 1995) PHW; SYB
149 Sao Tome and Principe   PM (GRACA, CARLOS DA) PHW; SYB
149 Sao Tome and Principe   SINCE (25 OCTOBER 1994) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Sao Tome and Principe 2002 March 3 PHW; SYB
150 Saudi Arabia   King (FAHD BIN ABD AL-AZIZ AL SAUD) PHW; SYB
Saudi Arabia   Since (13-06-1982) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
150 Saudi Arabia   idem PHW; SYB
150 Saudi Arabia   idem PHW; SYB
Saudi Arabia No political parties PHW; SYB
151 Senegal   President (ABDOU DIOUF) PHW; SYB
Senegal   Since (01-01-1981) Pe (21-02-1993) PHW; SYB
151 Senegal   PM (HABIB THIAM) PHW; SYB
151 Senegal   BACK (07-04-1991) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Senegal 2001 April 29 PHW; SYB
152 Seychelles   President (FRANCE ALBERT RENE) PHW; SYB
Seychelles   Putsch (05-06-1977) Pe (23-07-1993) PHW; SYB
152 Seychelles   idem PHW; SYB
152 Seychelles   idem PHW; SYB
Seychelles 1998 March 20-22 PHW; SYB
153 Sierra Leone   Chairman of the SCS (V. STRASSER KING) PHW; SYB
Sierra Leone   Putsch (29-04-1992) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
153 Sierra Leone   idem PHW; SYB
153 Sierra Leone   idem PHW; SYB
Sierra Leone 2002 May 14 PHW; SYB
154 Singapore   President (ONG TENG CHEONG) PHW; SYB
Singapore   Since (01-09-1993) Pe (28-08-1993) PHW; SYB
154 Singapore   PM (GOH CHOK TONG) PHW; SYB
154 Singapore   SINCE (28-11-1990) LE (31-08-1991) PHW; SYB
Singapore 2001 November 3 PHW; SYB
155 Slovakia   President (MICHAL KOVAC) PHW; SYB
Slovakia   Since (03-03-1993) Elected (15-02-1993) PHW; SYB
155 Slovakia   PM (VLADIMIR MECIAR) PHW; SYB
155 Slovakia   LE (02-10-1994) (GM, 1994) PHW; SYB
Slovakia 1998 September 25-26 PHW; SYB
156 Slovenia   President (MILAN KUCAN) PHW; SYB
Slovenia   Since (22-04-1990) Pe (06-12-1992) PHW; SYB
156 Slovenia   PM (Dr. JANEZ DRNOVSEK) PHW; SYB
156 Slovenia   SINCE (22-04-1992) LE (06-12-1992) PHW; SYB
Slovenia 2000 October 15 PHW; SYB
157 Solomon Islands   Queen (ELISABETH II) GG (M. PITAKAKA) PHW; SYB
  Solomon Islands   Queen (06-02-1952) Gg (1993) (Sty, 1995) PHW; SYB
  Solomon Islands     PHW; SYB
  Solomon Islands     PHW; SYB
157 Solomon Islands   PM (MAMALONI, SOLOMON) PHW; SYB
157 Solomon Islands   LE (26 MAY 1993) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Solomon Islands 2001 December 5 PHW; SYB
158 Somalia   na (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
Somalia   Na PHW; SYB
158 Somalia   na (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
158 Somalia   na PHW; SYB
Somalia na PHW; SYB
159 South Africa   President (NELSON MANDELA) PHW; SYB
South Africa   Since (10-05-1994) Le (April 1994) PHW; SYB
159 South Africa   idem PHW; SYB
159 South Africa   idem PHW; SYB
South Africa 1999 June 2 (last held); next to be held by 2 August 2004 PHW; SYB
160 Spain   King (JUAN CARLOS I DE BOURBON) PHW; SYB
Spain   Since (22-11-1975) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
160 Spain   PM (FELIPE GONZALEZ MARQUEZ) PHW; SYB
160 Spain   SINCE (02-12-1982) LE (06-06-1993) PHW; SYB
Spain 2000 March 12 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
161 Sri Lanka   President (CHANDRIKA KUMARATUNGA) PHW; SYB
Sri Lanka   Since (09-11-1994) (Gm, 1995) PHW; SYB
161 Sri Lanka   PM (BANDARANAIKE SIRIMAVO) PHW; SYB
161 Sri Lanka   SINCE (14-11-1994) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
Sri Lanka 2001 December 7 PHW; SYB
162 Sudan   President (General UMAR AL-BASHIR) PHW; SYB
Sudan   Putsch (30-06-1989) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
162 Sudan   idem PHW; SYB
162 Sudan   SINCE (09-07-1989) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Sudan 2000 December 13-22  PHW; SYB
163 Suriname   President (JOHANNES RONALD VENETIAAN) PHW; SYB
Suriname   S (16-09-1991) Elected (07-09-1991) PHW; SYB
163 Suriname   VP and PM (JULES AJODHIA) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
163 Suriname   S (16-09-1991) ELECTED (07-09-1991) PHW; SYB
Suriname 2000 May 5 PHW; SYB
164 Swaziland   King (Makhosetive: MSWATI III) PHW; SYB
Swaziland   Crowned (25-04-1986) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
164 Swaziland   PM (Prince JAMESON MBILINI DLAMINI) PHW; SYB
164 Swaziland   SINCE (04-11-1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Swaziland 1998 October 16 and 24 (House of Assembly) PHW; SYB
165 Sweden   King (CARL XVI GUSTAF) PHW; SYB
Sweden   Since (19-09-1973) PHW; SYB
165 Sweden   PM (INGVAR CARLSSON) PHW; SYB
165 Sweden   BACK (06-10-1994) LE (18-09-1994) PHW; SYB
Sweden 1998 September 20 PHW; SYB
166 Switzerland   President (VILLIGER, KASPAR) PHW; SYB
Switzerland   Since (01-01-1995) (For One Year) PHW; SYB
166 Switzerland   Bundesrat (collegial institution) PHW; SYB
166 Switzerland   na PHW; SYB
Switzerland 1999 (Council of States); 24 October 1999 (National Council) PHW; SYB
167 Syria   President (General HAFIZ AL-ASAD) PHW; SYB
Syria   Since (22-02-1971) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
167 Syria   PM (MAHMUD ZUBI) PHW; SYB
167 Syria   SINCE (01-11-1987) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Syria 1998 November 30 and 1 December 1998 PHW; SYB
168 Tajikistan   President (EMOMILI RAKHMONOV) PHW; SYB
Tajikistan   Since (19-11-1992) Pe (06-11-1994) (Gm) PHW; SYB
168 Tajikistan   PM (KARIMOV, JAMSHED) PHW; SYB
168 Tajikistan   SINCE (JANUARY 1995) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Tajikistan 2000 February 27 and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly PHW; SYB
169 Tanzania   President (NDUGU ALI HASSAN MWINYI) PHW; SYB
Tanzania   Since (05-11-1985) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
169 Tanzania   PM (MSUYA, CLEOPA DAVID) PHW; SYB
169 Tanzania   SINCE (FEBRUARY 1995) (STY, 1995) PHW; SYB
Tanzania 2000 October 29 PHW; SYB
170 Thailand   King (PHUMIPHON ADUNYADET) (RAMA IX) PHW; SYB
  Thailand   S (09-06-1946) Crowned (05-05-1950) PHW; SYB
170 Thailand   PM (BANHAN, SINLAPA-ACHA) PHW; SYB
170 Thailand   na PHW; SYB
Thailand 2001 January 6 (House of Representatives); 2000 (Senate) PHW; SYB
171 Togo   President (General GNASSINGBE EYADEMA) PHW; SYB
Togo   Putsch (13-01-1967) Pe (26-08-1993) PHW; SYB
171 Togo   PM (KODJO, EDEM) PHW; SYB
171 Togo   SINCE (22-04-1994) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Togo 1999 March 21 PHW; SYB
172 Tonga   King (TAUFA'AHAU TUPOU IV) PHW; SYB
Tonga   Since (16-12-1965) (Phw) PHW; SYB
172 Tonga   PM (Baron VAEA OF HOUMA) PHW; SYB
172 Tonga   SINCE (21-08-1991) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Tonga 2002 March 7 PHW; SYB
173 Trinidad and Tobago   President (NOOR MOHAMMED HASSANALI) PHW; SYB
Trinidad and Tobago   Since (18-03-1987) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
173 Trinidad and Tobago   PM (PATRICK AUGUSTUS MERVYN MANNING) PHW; SYB
173 Trinidad and Tobago   SINCE (20-12-1991) LE (16-12-1991) PHW; SYB
Trinidad and Tobago 2001 December 10 (House of Representatives) PHW; SYB
174 Tunisia   P (General ZINE EL ABIDINE BEN ALI) PHW; SYB
Tunisia   S (7 Nov 1987) Pe (20 Mar 1994) (Phw) PHW; SYB
174 Tunisia   PM (Dr. HAMED KAROUI) PHW; SYB
174 Tunisia   SINCE (27 SEP 1989) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Tunisia 1999 October 24 (dominant party: RCD) PHW; SYB
175 Turkey   President (SULEYMAN DEMIREL) PHW; SYB
Turkey   Since (16-05-1993) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
175 Turkey   PM (TANSU CILLER) PHW; SYB
175 Turkey   SINCE (05-07-1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Turkey 1999 April 18 PHW; SYB
176 Turkmenistan   President (General SAPARMURAD NIYAZOV) PHW; SYB
Turkmenistan   Since (19-01-1990) Pe (15-01-1994) PHW; SYB
176 Turkmenistan   na (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
176 Turkmenistan   na PHW; SYB
Turkmenistan 1999 December 12 (Assembly) PHW; SYB
177 Tuvalu   Queen (ELISABETH II) GG (M. TULAGA) PHW; SYB
  Tuvalu   QUEEN (06-02-1952) GG (Na) PHW; SYB
  Tuvalu     PHW; SYB
  Tuvalu     PHW; SYB
177 Tuvalu   PM (KAMUTA LATASI) PHW; SYB
177 Tuvalu   SINCE (10 DECEMBER 1993) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Tuvalu 2002 July 25 PHW; SYB
178 Uganda   P (General YOWERI KAGUTA MUSEVENI) PHW; SYB
Uganda   Putsch (27-01-1986) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
178 Uganda   PM (MOSOKE, KINTU) PHW; SYB
178 Uganda   na PHW; SYB
Uganda 2001 June 26 PHW; SYB
179 Ukraine   President (LEONID KUCHMA) (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
Ukraine   Since (19-07-1994) Pe (10-07-1994) PHW; SYB
179 Ukraine   PM (YEVHEN MARCHUK) (CS, 1995) PHW; SYB
179 Ukraine   SINCE (MARCH 1995) (GM, 1995) PHW; SYB
Ukraine 2002 March 31 PHW; SYB
180 United Arab Emirates (UAE)   P (Sheik ZAYID BIN SULTAN AL NUHAYYAN) PHW; SYB
United Arab Emirates (UAE)   Since (02-12-1971) Elected (Oct 1991) PHW; SYB
180 United Arab Emirates (UAE)   PM (Sheik MAKTUM BIN RASHID AL-MAKTUM) PHW; SYB
180 United Arab Emirates (UAE)   SINCE (20-11-1990) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
United Arab Emirates (UAE) No political parties PHW; SYB
181 United Kingdom (UK)   Queen (ELISABETH II) PHW; SYB
United Kingdom (UK)   S (06-02-1952) Crowned (02-06-1953) PHW; SYB
181 United Kingdom (UK)   PM (JOHN MAJOR) PHW; SYB
181 United Kingdom (UK)   SINCE (28-11-1990) LE (09-04-1992) PHW; SYB
United Kingdom (UK) 2001 June 7 (House of Commons) PHW; SYB
182 United States of America (USA)   President Bush George W. PHW; SYB
  United States of America (USA)   2001 January 20 (presidential elections 7 November 2000) PHW; SYB
182 United States of America (USA)   The Head of State is also Head of Government PHW; SYB
182 United States of America (USA)   na PHW; SYB
  United States of America (USA)   2002 November 4 (legislative elections to both Chambers) PHW; SYB
183 Uruguay   President (JULIO MARIA SANGUINETTI) PHW; SYB
Uruguay   Since (01-03-1995) Pe (27-11-1994) PHW; SYB
183 Uruguay   idem PHW; SYB
183 Uruguay   idem PHW; SYB
Uruguay 1999 October 31 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
184 Uzbekistan   President (ISLAM KARIMOV) PHW; SYB
Uzbekistan   Since (24-03-1990) PHW; SYB
184 Uzbekistan   PM (MUTALOV, ABDULHOSHIM) PHW; SYB
184 Uzbekistan   SINCE (13-01-1992) (WF, 1994) PHW; SYB
Uzbekistan 1999 December 5 and December 19 PHW; SYB
185 Vanuatu   President (LEYE, JEAN MARIE) PHW; SYB
Vanuatu   Since (02-03-1994) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
185 Vanuatu   PM (MAXIME CARLOT KORMAN) PHW; SYB
185 Vanuatu   SINCE (16-12-1991) LE (02-12-1991) PHW; SYB
Vanuatu 2002 May 2 PHW; SYB
186 Vatican   Pope (JOHN PAUL II alias KAROL WOJTYLA) PHW; SYB
  Vatican   S (22-10-1978) For Life (16-10-1978) PHW; SYB
186 Vatican   Secretary of State (Cardinal A. SODANO) PHW; SYB
186 Vatican   NOMINATED BY THE POPE (02-12-1990) (PHW) PHW; SYB
Vatican na PHW; SYB
187 Venezuela   President (CALDERA RODRIGUEZ, RAFAEL) PHW; SYB
Venezuela   Back (02-02-1994) Pe (05-12-1993) (Gm) PHW; SYB
187 Venezuela   idem PHW; SYB
187 Venezuela   idem PHW; SYB
Venezuela 2000 July 30 PHW; SYB
188 Vietnam   President (General LE DUC ANH) PHW; SYB
Vietnam   Since (23-09-1992) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
188 Vietnam   PM (General VO VAN KIET) PHW; SYB
188 Vietnam   BACK (09-08-1991) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Vietnam 2002 May 19 (communist party) PHW; SYB
189 Yemen   President (General ALI ABDALLAH SALIH) PHW; SYB
Yemen   Since (22-05-1990) (Unification) (Phw) PHW; SYB
189 Yemen   PM (ABD AL-GHANI, ABD AL-AZIZ) PHW; SYB
189 Yemen   SINCE (01-10-1994) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Yemen 1997 April 27 PHW; SYB
190 Yugoslavia   President (ZORAN LILIC) PHW; SYB
Yugoslavia   Since (25-06-1993) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
190 Yugoslavia   PM (RADOJE KONTIC) PHW; SYB
190 Yugoslavia   SINCE (29-12-1992) (PHW, 1995) PHW; SYB
Yugoslavia 2000 September 24 (both Chambers) PHW; SYB
191 Zambia   P (FREDERICK JACOB TITUS CHILUBA) PHW; SYB
Zambia   Since (02-11-1991) Pe (31-10-1991) PHW; SYB
191 Zambia   idem PHW; SYB
191 Zambia   idem PHW; SYB
Zambia 2001 December 27 PHW; SYB
192 Zimbabwe   President (ROBERT GABRIEL MUGABE) PHW; SYB
Zimbabwe   Since (31-12-1987) (Phw, 1995) PHW; SYB
192 Zimbabwe   idem PHW; SYB
192 Zimbabwe   idem PHW; SYB
Zimbabwe 2000 June 24-25 PHW; SYB
193 World Executive na na